In which mode does the photographer set the f/stop and shutter speed?

In Manual mode, the photographer has complete control over both the f/stop (aperture) and shutter speed settings. This mode allows for creative freedom, enabling the photographer to adjust these parameters independently to achieve the desired exposure and artistic effect. By adjusting the f/stop, a photographer can control the depth of field, affecting how much of the scene is in focus. Adjusting the shutter speed allows for control over motion blur and exposure duration. This level of control is essential for achieving specific creative outcomes and is particularly useful in challenging lighting conditions or when capturing fast-moving subjects.

In contrast, Automatic mode does not allow for any adjustments, as the camera selects all settings for the photographer. Program mode offers some flexibility but still involves the camera deciding on both aperture and shutter speed, allowing changes to only one while the other remains linked. Shutter priority mode allows the photographer to set the shutter speed while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to achieve a proper exposure, but it does not provide the full control that Manual mode does.