What technique can be used to properly expose a backlit or high-contrast scene?

Using fill flash in a backlit or high-contrast scene is an effective technique because it helps to illuminate the subject that may be otherwise shrouded in darkness due to the strong light behind it. In high-contrast situations, the background can often overpower the subject, making it difficult to achieve a balanced exposure. Fill flash adds light directly to the subject, thus reducing the contrast between the bright background and the darker foreground.

This technique ensures that the details of the subject are visible, keeping them well-lit and distinct against the backlighting. It is especially useful in portrait photography when the subject is in shadow but the background is brightly lit. By supplementing available light with flash, photographers can achieve a more even exposure across the scene, allowing both the subject and the background to be rendered with clarity.

In contrast, using higher ISOs can increase sensitivity to light but may introduce noise, which isn't ideal for all scenarios. Reducing shutter speed could lead to motion blur if the subject moves, and increasing the aperture could narrow the depth of field, leading to potential focus issues. Therefore, employing fill flash is often the most reliable method to achieve a proper exposure in such challenging lighting conditions.