Which type of lighting is characterized by the ability to capture depth and texture?

Oblique lighting is characterized by its ability to capture depth and texture effectively. This type of lighting casts shadows and highlights at an angle, which enhances the three-dimensional quality of the subject. By illuminating from the side or at an angle, oblique lighting creates contrasting areas of light and shadow that help to reveal details in surfaces and contours, making it particularly useful in photography for showcasing texture.

In contrast, diffused lighting tends to soften shadows and even out the light across the subject, which can result in a flatter appearance that may not emphasize depth as effectively. Harsh lighting can create strong, defined shadows that may overshadow subtle textures rather than enhance them. Backlighting can create dramatic effects but often results in silhouetted subjects, which can obscure depth and texture details. Thus, oblique lighting stands out as the most effective method for capturing the intricacies of texture and depth in photography.